Effect of Exercise Training During Lactation Essay

The article chose review is â€Å"Effect of exercise training on loss of bone mineral density during lactation†. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise slows bone loss from four to twenty postpartum. The problem was that during lactation women move breast milk. After finishing breast feeding bone mass usually returns to pre pregnancy but not in all and this is the problem. The participants were healthy ,nonsmoking , sedentary ,exclusively breast feeding women with a body mass index of twenty to thirty kg.m.women were not allowed to join if they had cesarean delivery or if the exercise more than two days a week three months before. There were twenty participants all together. They all were cleared by a physician before participating. The instruments and test used for this experiment was for the body composition and bone density they used a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For the assessment of cardio respiratory fitness and strength a sub maximal graded treadmill test was used. For the assessment of dietary intake by twenty four hour recall over the telephone using the nutrition data system for research software. For exercise intervention women were randomly assigned to either an EG or a CG. For the statistical analysis data were analyzed with JMP software. The testing procedures were with the body composition a whole- body was given three times a week and a step phantom were given one day a week .With the assessment cardio respiratory fitness and strength did sub maximal graded treadmill test were used. Exercise intervention used a complete sixteen week home based exercise program. The results were The EG lost a lot less LS BMD than CG. They were no great differences in total body and hip BMD. Both groups loss fat mass but, EG lost less lean body mass. Maximal strength increased by 34% to 221% for EG in the CG changed from -5.7% to 12%. â€Å"These results suggest that resistance and aerobic exercise may slow bone loss during lactation. In these experiments I felt like some of the strengths were that this was a good experiment to do. That it would help a lot of women because a lot of women have babies during the time that they are trying to build up bone density. I also like how in depth the experiment went. Strength was that they gave them specific training program that they can do from home. Which I feel is extremely important especially to new born moms. This article is important to me because I myself want to be a mom some day and bone density is important to me .My grandmother has osteoporosis so increasing my bone density is very important to me. I think I can use this in my future profession by informing my pregnant patients and mothers that are already breast feeding about this and showing them ways to improve bone density. Work Cited Lovelady,C.a,Bopp,M.J,Colleran,H.J,Mackie,H.k.Wideman,L(2009). Effect of Exercise Training on Loss of Bone Mineral Density during Lactation.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,41(10),1902-1907. http://journals.lww.com/acsm msse/Fulltext/2009/10000/Effect_of_Exercise_Training_on_Loss_of_Bone.10.aspx

Opression in a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay

Taslima Nasrin once said: â€Å"Those religions that are oppressive to women are also against democracy, human rights, and freedom of expression. † This quote also applies to a book called a thousand splendid suns by Khaled hosseini and Deepa Metha’s Film Water. A thousand splendid suns in a book about two women in Afghanistan with an abusive husband. They struggle for survival and for their human rights that have been overlooked by the Taliban and a patriarchal society. Water is a movie about widows living in India. They are sent to the country side to live with other widows supposedly so they can live pure lives. In actuality they are cast aside and denied the basic respect all humans deserve. Ironically, the only way they can make enough money to survive is by committing acts as impure as it gets. They are forced to turn to prostitution. These two stories show that a cultural society’s refusal to change religious practices causes the oppression of women. The characters Mariam, kalyani, and chuyia demonstrate this. Mariam is a woman living in Afghanistan from the book A Thousand Splendid Suns. Mariam grew up very poor living in a small hut excluded from society. As a child she was taught only to endure and was never given the opportunity to stand up for herself. Mariam was the daughter of a maid that her father Jalil had an affair with and he was very ashamed of this. To solve this â€Å"problem† he got rid of her. Jalil married her off to a much older man named Rasheed. Shortly after the start of their marriage, Rasheed rapes her. He justifies it with the Quran. â€Å"‘It’s what married people do. It’s what the prophet himself and his wives did. There is no shame. ’† (Hosseini, 77). In this quote Rasheed refers to the prophet Muhammad in the Quran. This shows how Rasheed perverted the events Quran, the sacred Islamic text, to justify the rape of a young girl who hadn’t even turned 16. Marrying young girls still in their teens is an old custom that is embedded in Islam and the Afghan culture. Society’s refusal to change this practice caused the ruthless humiliation of a young girl and in the long run made the oppression of all women an accepted practice. Kalyani is a character in the movie Water. She is a widow most likely in her 20s who never met her husband. Her husband died shortly after her marriage and was sent to the ashram as a young girl. Since she is the only young widow in the ashram she is forced to turn to prostitution to bring in extra money so the widows can at least have enough money for 1 meal a day. Her entire life story shows the subjugation of women. She was married at around the age of 10 because of religious traditions that have not changed in hundreds of years. This tradition has given men the power to oppress women. This oppression is shown through the death of the husband. If the husband dies before the wife, the wife is sent away. If the opposite happen the husband is free to remarry as he pleases. This happens because of the religious belief that when a husband dies, half of the woman also dies. This makes it easier to mistreat women because it makes them seem less than human. It is also believed that the death of a husband is punishment for something done in a previous life. Society’s refusal to change theses Hindi beliefs and practices create the oppression of women by making their mistreatment seem justified and by making them seem less than human. Chuyia is a young girl who was married at the age of 8 and was widowed the next day. She doesn’t even remember getting married but is forced to suffer the same fate as Kalyani. She is young and innocent and her innocence causes her to question practices that everyone else simply accepts. Deepa Metha uses this character to point out inconsistencies in the Hindi religion and traditional society. At one point in the story she asks why there isn’t a place for men to go if they are widowed. She is quickly ridiculed by both men and women. This event shows that the refusal to change religious practices has brainwashed both men and women to accept and even endorse the oppression of women. Taslima Nasrin words are clearly tied to the theme of these two stories. She explains in her quote that a religion cannot be providing people basic rights if it discriminates against women. The theme reiterates the same message by declaring that religion can sometimes cause oppression of women. These three characters show how traditions and old religious practices have made the oppression of women possible all over the world. By displaying this message in the authors’ books and movies, the authors hope to encourage all people around the world to not follow blindly old traditions and practices. They want people to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. When people fail to do this, bad things start happening such as the oppression, humiliation, and subjugation of women who are actually just as intelligent, strong, and able as any man.

Questionnaire on soft drinks’ purchasing preferences…” Essay

â€Å"Questionnaire on soft drinks’ purchasing preferences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Questionnaire on soft drinks’ purchasing preferences.. Today soft drinks don’t only reduce the thirst but also have become style and fashion. The purpose of this questionnaire is to know what people like most about soft drinks and what attracts them toward these products†¦ Part 1: 1. Do you drink soft drinks? oYES oNO, if no, please return this questionnaire 2. Gender oMale oFemale 3. Which of the following best describes your age? o 16-25 o 26-30 o 31-40 o41-50+ 4. Where is the most common place that you purchase soft drinks? o Restaurants o Supermarket o Hypermarkets. oKiosks oOther (please specify) 5. How often do you consume a soft drink? oDaily Basis o Weekly basis o Monthly basis o Never 6. On average how many times do you visit stores to purchase beverages? o 1-2 per month o 3-4 per month o 5-6 per month o 7+ per month 7. What is your soft drink of choice? oPepsi oCoca-Cola oSprite o7-Up oMirinda oFanta oSchweppes oOther (please specify) 8. Why do you drink soft drinks? oTaste o Caffeine o Refreshment o Brand loyalty oOther (please specify). 9. What is the most effective advertising that makes you want to drink a Coke? o Commercials o Web advertising (social media, official website, etc. ) o Billboards o Print advertising oOther (please specify) Part 2: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each of the following statements as 1 = Strongly agree, 3=neutral & 5= strongly disagree: StatementStrongly agree to strongly disagree 1. I understand the features of sodas well enough to evaluate the brands. 2. I have a preference for one or more brands in the soft drink class. 3. Soft drinks are a product for which I have no need whatsoever. 4. I usually purchase the same brand within the soft drink class. 5. If I received information that was contrary to my preferred soft drink, I would still keep my preferred brand. 6. If my preferred brand of soft drink is not available at the store, it makes little difference to me if I must choose another brand. 7. My preferred brand of soft drink helps me attain the type of life I strive for. 8. This soft drink helps me express the â€Å"I† and within myself. 9. I definitely have a â€Å"wanting† for soft drinks. 10. Most of the brands of soft drink are all alike. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5. â€Å"Questionnaire on soft drinks’ purchasing preferences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Questionnaire on soft drinks’ purchasing preferences.. Today soft drinks don’t only reduce the thirst but also have become style and fashion. The purpose of this questionnaire is to know what people like most about soft drinks and what attracts them toward these products†¦ Part 1: 1. Do you drink soft drinks? oYES oNO, if no, please return this questionnaire 2. Gender oMale oFemale 3. Which of the following best describes your age? o 16-25 o 26-30 o 31-40 o41-50+ 4. Where is the most common place that you purchase soft drinks? o Restaurants o Supermarket o Hypermarkets  oKiosks oOther (please specify)5. How often do you consume a soft drink? oDaily Basis o Weekly basis o Monthly basis o Never 6. On average how many times do you visit stores to purchase beverages? o 1-2 per month o 3-4 per month o 5-6 per month o 7+ per month 7. What is your soft drink of choice? oPepsi oCoca-Cola oSprite o7-Up oMirinda oFanta oSchweppes oOther (please specify) 8. Why do you drink soft drinks? oTaste o Caffeine o Refreshment o Brand loyalty oOther (please specify). 9. What is the most effective advertising that makes you want to drink a Coke? o Commercials o Web advertising (social media, official website, etc. ) o Billboards o Print advertising oOther (please specify). Part 2: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each of the following statements as 1 = Strongly agree, 3=neutral & 5= strongly disagree: StatementStrongly agree to strongly disagree 1. I understand the features of sodas well enough to evaluate the brands. 2. I have a preference for one or more brands in the soft drink class. 3. Soft drinks are a product for which I have no need whatsoever. 4. I usually purchase the same brand within the soft drink class. 5. If I received information that was contrary to my preferred soft drink, I would still keep my preferred brand. 6. If my preferred brand of soft drink is not available at the store, it makes little difference to me if I must choose another brand. 7. My preferred brand of soft drink helps me attain the type of life I strive for. 8. This soft drink helps me express the â€Å"I† and within myself. 9. I definitely have a â€Å"wanting† for soft drinks. 10. Most of the brands of soft drink are all alike. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5.

Analysis Of Bmw In Uk Market Economics Essay

Analysis Of Bmw In Uk Market Economics Essay Choose a company based in UK or another EU country, use micro and macro data to analyze the company and give recommendations based on previous analysis â€Å"This is to certify that the work I am submitting is my own. All external references and sources are clearly acknowledged and identified within the contents. I am aware of the University of Warwick regulation concerning plagiarism and collusion. No substantial part(s) of the work submitted here has also been submitted by me in other assessments for accredited courses of study, and I acknowledge that if this has been done an appropriate reduction in the mark I might otherwise have received will be made. Analysis of BMW in UK market 2007-2009 Introduction Headquartered in Munich, Germany, BMW Group is one of the leading auto manufacturers in the world. With three of the strongest premium brands in the car industry —BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce, BMW targets at the high-end market. BMW (UK) is a subsidiary of BMW Group. Being t he third largest market for BMW Group worldwide, UK is the only country where all the three premium brands are presented (BMW UK Fact Sheet 2009). This essay intends to use micro and macro tools to analyze BMW’s sales volumes in UK from 2007 to Q3 2009, and to find out dominating factors accounting for changes in the company’s performance. Microeconomics Investigation mainly focuses on the influence of three determinants of demand. Macroeconomics Investigation selects five variables—GDP growth, VAT, interest rate, CPI inflation and average earnings for analysis, and also predicts BMW’s performance in the near future based on the tendency of macroeconomics environment. Finally, the essay gives three suggestions that the company can consider. Data in this essay is from BMW’s quarterly reports and Annual reports, UK Office for National Statistics, SMMT (The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders), fuel reports released by AA Public Affair and Infl ation Report issued by Bank of England. In addition, in order to provide updated information, references in this essay are mainly from authoritative newspaper and press, such as The Times, The Sunday Time and Times Online. I Sales Review Figure 1. BMW UK quarterly sales volume (Source: BMW Quarterly Reports and Annual Report 2007, 2008) Between 2007 and 2009, BMW has experienced great changes in sales volumes in UK market. From the graph, we can see that sales volume rose steadily in the first three quarters of 2007. However, it fluctuated and stood at 44,770 units in Q2 2008. Then a slump followed and sales volume reached a trough of 23,982 units at the end of 2008. Finally, the first three quarters in 2009 witnessed a recovery of sales volumes, which stayed at 39,039 units by the end of Q3 2009. Now, we’d like to analyze the reasons behind the changes in BMW’s sales volumes in UK based on the micro and macro investigation. II Microeconomics Investigation Determinants of demands played an important role in sales volumes. There are three determinants as follows: Price Elasticity According to John Sloman and Mark Sutcliffe (2004), determinants of price elasticity of demand are number and closeness of substitute goods and the proportion of income spent on the good.

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Gun Control - Essay Example This essay dwells upon the problem of gun control and its influence.There is a widespread perception that committing suicide is a long process that requires planning just like a wedding or something else. Studies have shown that suicide does not require much rational decision but it is something done spontaneously. This means that if a person came across a death striking murder is at the verge life and death. This might sound far-fetched, according to Boston Globe report, states with high level of gun ownership have a suicide rate almost twice as high as those states with low ownership level. More surprisingly, people who committed suicide were found to be seventeen times more likely to live with guns at home than not. Most criminals who cause a massacre utilize illegal weapons. Between 1982 and 2012, the US has heard an astonishing number of roughly sixty-two mass shooting which was propagated by gun licensing. Mother Jones research outlines that out of sixty-two shooting; forty-nine were perpetrated using legal weapons. It is worth noting that, half of all mass shooters use assault weapons and high capacity magazines. A few sensible restrictions could have saved a lot of lives. If a criminal is determined to pull off a massacre, he could do it very easily using a shotgun, handgun or even a musket. So putting controls on the assault firearms is a good thing and should be encouraged. Gun control decreases the number of lives lost through reckless act of senseless shooting thus it save lives. Australia parliament supports this action. In fact in 1996, a mass shooter killed thirty five people in port Arthur in a massacre, two weeks later, the prime minister by then , John Howard launched an aggressive clampdown on gun ownership that have never been experienced in the history of Australia. Within this exercise, around 650,000 automatic and semi-automatic weapons were destroyed and a whole raft of checks and controls brought in. As a result, individuals stop the aimless killing (Lott 52). In fact, the killing rate reduced to zero. The main aim of gun is consumed by the lifestyle of US citizen. Frankly, very few of those who

See the topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

See the topic - Assignment Example She finds it difficult to find her identity in gender as she had female instincts with a male body. She narrates her family’s history and the beginning of her gene mutation that was aimed at transforming her DNA in order to fully exist in the female gender. In order to solve her gender confusion problem, she introduces her body to unique genetic make-up. On realizing Dr. Luce’s plan, Calliope runs away and changes her identity to Cal who is a boy. Cal relocates to San Francisco where he finds a job in a club that eventually gets raided by the police and he ends up being arrested for being an underage worker. Cal’s family comes to collect him in jail so as to attend his grandfather’s burial. This is where he finds out that his grandparents were siblings which resulted to his genital crisis but promises the grandmother to keep the secret till after her grandmother’s death. People with improper genetalia structure experience difficulties in the labour market as a result of their transsexual in gender. Many of these people are born with a gender type different from their mental perception of themselves (Nanda 114). They tend to change their gender to suit their mental comfort at a later stage in life. This forces them to change their original identity to suit their ultimate gender type. They are forced to change their names in all their legal documents which is a long process thus affecting their potential in the labour market as the transformation process (Agustà ­n 167). Slaughter uses the phrase ‘having it all’ in reference to Calliope’s gender confusion. The phrase summarizes the life of Calliope in both the male and female gender forms. This is portrayed in the first chapter of the novel Middle sex when Calliope begins her life story by saying, â€Å"I was born twice, first as a girl in 1960 and then again as a teenage boy† (Eugenides 3). Calliope Stephanides had improper genes which made her

STARBUCKS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STARBUCKS - Coursework Example 10 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Investment 10 Conclusion 12 References 13 Bibliography 15 Introduction In 1971, Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegal start up a coffee store in Washington in the heart of Seattle’s Pike marketplace. During 1987, Mr. Schultz purchased the store and started expansion of the business outside the Pacific Northwest and Chicago. In 1993 Starbucks registered under company rules and started selling share to expand its business world-wide (Starbucks Corporation, 2013; Lee, 2009). Starbucks wanted to establish itself as the premier seller of the most favourable coffees globally. The company was committed towards ensuring and incorporating exceptional business principles, ethics, corporate social responsibility as well as unique product and services. The mission as well as vision of the company duly focused upon the motto "inspire the human spirit." During the year, 2002, Starbucks conducted qualitative research wherein it was discovered t hat the brand image of the company was deteriorating. As a result, Starbucks has been extensively concerned about its eroding customer base and reducing level of customer satisfaction. The company was duly committed towards mitigating the problem of reducing customer base in order to return to the mainstream of growth and expansion in the global market (Moon & Quelch, 2006). A. The Case Highlights Customer Satisfaction Issues That Starbucks Is Facing. ... This ultimately led the company to place due consideration to resolve these issues in order to remain viable at the marketplace and to gain greater competitive advantage over its rivals. Few important issues considered by the company are revealed below. . Consumer Frequency as well as Loyalty Issue The scores of customer satisfaction obtained from the qualitative research was taken into due consideration by the organisation because this factor was directly related with the customer loyalty and its overall performance. To ascertain the degree of customer loyalty, the researchers were concerns about analysing the data of customers’ frequency of visit in the Starbucks coffee stores. According to the research, it was found that 21% of its total customer visits the company’s stores more than 8 times per month while 37% of customers visit 3 to 7 times per month. At the same time it was ascertained that 42 % of customers visits just 1 to 2 times per month at the Starbucks stor es. Source: (Moon & Quelch, 2006) This research data revealed the negative impact on the organisation in terms of customer loyalty as well as level of customer satisfaction (Moon & Quelch, 2006; Hurth, 2006). Starbucks Brand Image The organisation also concerns about few more important attributes which were associated with the Starbucks brand image. Firstly, the researchers were concerns regarding the customers’ awareness about the speciality of Starbucks gourmet coffee. Through this analytical study the researchers discovered that 54%of customers were fully agreed about the Starbucks speciality coffee and they were aware about this product. Secondly, in